Cognitive Load Theory & How it Applies to Children's Learning

Today in the Greenhouse, we want to share some insights into Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and how it can help us better support our children's learning journey.

What is Cognitive Load Theory?

Cognitive Load Theory is a framework that helps us understand how the brain processes information. Developed by educational psychologist John Sweller, it focuses on the limitations of our working memory, which can only hold a small amount of information at a time. When this memory is overloaded, learning can become less effective. The theory emphasises the importance of structuring learning materials and activities to optimise this limited capacity, thereby enhancing the transfer of information to long-term memory.

How Does Cognitive Load Affect Learning?

Children, especially those who are new to a subject, can quickly become overwhelmed if too much information is presented at once. This can lead to cognitive overload, where their working memory is so full that it cannot effectively process new information. For example, imagine a child trying to learn the concept of fractions while also trying to remember the steps for solving a problem. Without clear guidance, their working memory might become overloaded, leading to frustration and gaps in understanding.

Applying Cognitive Load Theory to Enhance Learning

By understanding and applying CLT, we can create more effective and engaging learning experiences for our children:

1. Break Down Information:

Instead of presenting all information at once, break it into smaller, manageable chunks. This helps prevent cognitive overload and makes it easier for children to understand and retain new information. For instance, when teaching fractions, start with simple concepts like halves and quarters before moving on to more complex ideas.

2. Use Scaffolding:

Provide support and guidance as children learn new concepts. This can include using visual aids, step-by-step instructions, and practice problems that gradually increase in complexity. Scaffolding helps children build a solid foundation of knowledge without feeling overwhelmed.

3. Connect New Information to Prior Knowledge:

Help children link new concepts to what they already know. For example, if a child understands simple division, relate it to fractions by showing how dividing a whole into parts is similar. This connection makes new information easier to understand and remember.

4. Check for Understanding:

Regularly check in with children to ensure they understand the material before moving on. This can be done through questions, quizzes, or discussions. Identifying and addressing misunderstandings early prevents them from becoming entrenched in long-term memory.

5. Space Out Learning:

Instead of cramming all learning into one session, spread it out over time. This spaced repetition helps strengthen memory and improve retention. For example, review fractions periodically over several weeks rather than in one intensive session.

6. Create a Focused Learning Environment:

Minimise distractions to help children concentrate better on their learning tasks. A quiet, organised space with clear expectations can significantly enhance their ability to process and retain information.

By incorporating these strategies into our teaching methods, we can better support our children's learning and help them achieve their full potential. At Little Harvest Academy, we are committed to creating vibrant, engaging, and effective educational experiences that cultivate success in every student.

For more tips and resources on supporting your child's learning journey, visit our website or contact us. We're here to help you every step of the way!

Warm regards,

Sarah Shaw

Owner of Little Harvest Academy

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Sources:

1. [Centre for Education Statistics and Evaluation (2017)] (https://education.nsw.gov.au/about-us/educational-data/cese/publications/literature-reviews/cognitive-load-theory.html)

2. [Australian Education Research Organisation (2021)] (https://www.edresearch.edu.au/summaries-explainers/explainers/managing-cognitive-load-optimises-learning)